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|seats2_title = State Parliaments |seats2 = |seats3_title = European Parliament |seats3 = |seats4_title = Prime Ministers of States |seats4 = |headquarters = Willy-Brandt-Haus D-10911 Berlin |website = (http://www.spd.de ) }} The Social Democratic Party of Germany ((ドイツ語:Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands), SPD) is a social-democratic political party in Germany. The party is led by Sigmar Gabriel and is one of the two major contemporary political parties in Germany, along with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). The SPD currently governs at the federal level in a grand coalition with the CDU and Christian Social Union (CSU) since December 2013 following the results of the 2013 federal election. The SPD participates in 14 state governments, of which nine are governed by SPD Minister-Presidents. The SPD is a member of the Party of European Socialists and the Socialist International, and was a founding member of the Progressive Alliance on 22 May 2013. Established in 1863, the SPD is the oldest extant political party represented in German Parliament. It was also one of the first Marxist-influenced parties in the world. ==History== (詳細はGeneral German Workers' Association (''Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein'', ADAV), founded in 1863, and the Social Democratic Workers' Party (''Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands'', SDAP), founded in 1869, merged in 1875, under the name Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (''Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands'', SAPD). From 1878 to 1890, any grouping or meeting that aimed at spreading socialist principles was banned under the Anti-Socialist Laws, but the party still gained support in elections. In 1890, when the ban was lifted and it could again present electoral lists, the party adopted its current name. In the years leading up to World War I, the party remained ideologically radical in official principle, although many party officials tended to be moderate in everyday politics. By 1912, the party claimed the most votes of any German party. Despite the agreement of the Second International to oppose the First World War, the SPD voted in favor of war in 1914. In response to this and the Bolshevik Revolution, members of the left and of the far-left of the SPD formed alternative parties, first the Spartacus League, then the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany and later the Communist Party of Germany. After 1918 the SPD played an important role in the political system of the Weimar Republic, although it took part in coalition governments only in few years (1918–1921, 1923, 1928–1930). Adolf Hitler prohibited the party in 1933 under the Enabling Act – party officials were imprisoned, killed or went into exile. In exile, the party used the name Sopade. In 1945, the allied occupants in the Western zones initially allowed four parties to be established, which led to the Christian Democratic Union, the Free Democratic Party, the Communist Party of Germany, and the SPD being established. In the Soviet Zone of Occupation, the Soviets forced the Social Democrats to form a common party with the Communists (Socialist Unity Party of Germany or SED). In the Western zones, the Communist Party was later (1956) banned by West Germany's Federal Constitutional Court. Since 1949, in the Federal Republic of Germany, the SPD has been one of the two major parties, with the other being the Christian Democratic Union. From 1969 to 1982 and 1998 to 2005 the Chancellors of Germany were Social Democrats whereas the other years the Chancellors were Christian Democrats. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Social Democratic Party of Germany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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